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What Are the Effects of Antidepressant Medication? Antidepressant medication is taken daily and can aid in reducing depression symptoms. The effects may vary from person to person and can occasionally, it can be uncomfortable. Certain medications, especially antidepressants of the older generation like SSRIs (SSRIs), TCAs, SNRIs (TCAs) and MAOIs can cause withdrawal symptoms if abruptly stopped. It is essential to take your medication as prescribed to ensure it works well for you. Serotonin Serotonin, a substance that is found in the brain helps regulate mood, emotions, and bodily functions, such as appetite, energy, and sleep. It also plays an important role in a wide range of psychological and physiological processes, including pain perception, blood pressure and the movement of the glandular and intestinal smooth muscles. Antidepressants are medications that are prescribed to treat depression and other mental health disorders by increasing the supply of chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) in the brain and body. Several antidepressant medications target the brain's Serotonin System including selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as SNRIs, SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants. These medications can cause side effects such as drowsiness, fatigue, headaches sexual issues, as well as increased heart rate. Many people have low levels of serotonin within the brain, which is believed to be a factor in depression. Scientists don't know what causes this, but they believe that an imbalance of chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) can affect the way our body deals with depression and stress. SSRIs are the most popular antidepressants. They increase serotonin levels in the brain by preventing a reuptake process, where neurotransmitters are absorbed, deactivated, or recycled to be used again. This allows more serotonin to reach its receptor sites in the brain, which improves mood, reduces anxiety and decreases anxiety. SSRIs are used to treat a range of mental disorders, like generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as well as obsessional-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic disorder. Other medications, such as the triptan family of headache drugs, opioid pain relievers and dextromethorphan-containing cough suppressants, can also increase your serotonin levels. This can cause a rare, but potentially fatal drug reaction known as serotonin-syndrome. It's important that you inform your doctor if are taking any medications or supplements. Serotonin-related syndrome can be triggered by a variety of symptoms like nausea vomiting, agitation or confusion. Serotonin syndrome is a medical emergency and typically involves stopping the medication you're taking, and a combination of supportive care, such as fluids, pain relief and benzodiazepines for the agitation. Dopamine Dopamine is an important brain chemical that is involved in the regulation of movement. It's also a kind of neurotransmitter which sends messages between brain cells. Neurotransmitters, a type chemical used to communicate signals in your body, can impact your emotions and cognition. Antidepressants can reduce depression and anxiety for up 70% of those who take them. They help by increasing neurotransmitters, which are chemicals within the brain. Certain neurotransmitters manage pain signals while others are linked to mood or emotion. Antidepressants are often combined with therapy for talk to combat more severe anxiety and depression conditions. While antidepressants can be extremely efficient in reducing the symptoms of depression, they don't tackle all aspects of the disorder and some sufferers continue to experience a depressed mood after taking them for a lengthy period of time. Patients who suffer from depression may require additional treatments, such as talking therapy and lifestyle changes. It is also possible to boost the effectiveness of antidepressants by mixing them with other treatments, including exercise and good nutrition. Recent systematic literature reviews and meta-analysis results suggest dopamine-related drugs are effective in treating depression. These include stimulants (methylphenidate modafinil, dexamphetamine and methylphenidate), dopamine agonists (pamelor and pramipexole) and selective MAO-B-inhibitors (selegiline) and levodopa. This suggests that a broad selection of dopamine-related medications could be useful in the treatment of depression, especially for older patients. depression therapy and Valproate are mood stabilizers that are also effective for the treatment of depression. They can be prescribed either as a single therapy or as an augmentation therapy. In addition the effectiveness of dopamine stimulants that are not registered in the treatment of depression has been proven by a number of RCTs. This includes aripiprazole and ropinirole and bromocriptine. Electroconvulsive Therapy and the selective MAO B-inhibitor tranylcypromine also have dopamine-stimulating properties. It could take several weeks for antidepressants completely effective. During this time, it is possible that you might notice that your sleep improves and that you have more energy. It is not advisable to stop taking your medication unless are advised to do so by your physician. Talk to your doctor if you are having an episode of depression that is serious. Norepinephrine A neurotransmitter as well as a hormone, norepinephrine (also called noradrenaline) is released from nerve cells in response to stress and danger. It can trigger the fight or flight response by increasing blood pressure and heart rate, constricting blood vessels and release energy from glucose stores in muscle cells. Norepinephrine is also involved in the regulation of concentration and attention. Most psychostimulants used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder increase the levels in the central nervous system of dopamine and norepinephrine. Norepinephrine is the most important drug in regulating your body's response to stressful situations. It functions by binding to the a- and B-adrenergic receptors within your body. It stimulates receptors in various ways, including pupil dilation blood vessels constriction, an increase in heart rate and metabolism. It isn't known for certain what causes depression, however experts believe it is due to an imbalance of certain chemical messengers, or neurotransmitters, inside your brain. Antidepressant medication helps restore the balance of these chemicals and improves your mood. There are many kinds of antidepressants, and finding the right one can take time. If you don't get relief from a particular type, speak to your doctor about trying a different type. The majority of antidepressants require four to eight weeks to work however some can begin to help in just a few days. Some are available as pills, others as liquids, and others are ingested or applied to the skin. Be sure to tell your doctor about any other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter cold and allergy drugs, herbal supplements, or alcohol. Antidepressants can trigger nausea dizziness, fatigue, or nausea. If you are experiencing suicidal thoughts when taking an antidepressant medication, seek emergency assistance. Contact your doctor or call the suicide hotline for help. GABA GABA is a neurotransmitter that reduces anxiety. It is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter within the central nervous system (CNS) which blocks certain brain signals and decreasing nervous system activity. It interacts with other neurotransmitters, such as serotonin to regulate mood and decrease anxiety. It is also essential for the functioning of the digestive system as well as the immune system. Low GABA levels are common in people suffering from autoimmune disorders and conditions, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This could play a role in their symptoms and be an important treatment goal. The body's natural production of GABA decreases with age and the effects of stress are more powerful on the GABA system than other neurotransmitters. The resulting imbalance can cause depression. There are several natural ways to raise your GABA levels. In addition to the normal dietary habits, you can also take oral GABA supplements. These supplements come in many forms and many users report experiencing calming effects. Further research is required to validate these claims. GABA can be produced by a variety of bacteria that live in the intestine. They can cross the blood brain barrier to function as a neurotransmitter. It has been demonstrated to improve stress-related disorders in animals and humans. In one study researchers gave 100 milligrams GABA to a group of participants before they faced a challenging mental task. They discovered that the participants had a significantly faster return to baseline levels than those who didn't take GABA. The heart rate variability of those who used GABA was also higher. In clinical trials, antidepressants which target GABA receptors have been shown to be effective in treating depression. This includes benzodiazepines, as well as a new class of antidepressants called GABA-A positive allosteric modulators (GASPAMAs). The new class comprises zuranolone that acts on the nasal chemosensory receptors and PH10, a drug that targets prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus receptors. These drugs have been shown to be effective in treating MDD and PPD. It is important to note that GABA is not suitable for everyone and should only be administered under the supervision of a health professional. Pregnant women and people with a history of seizures should stay clear of this drug.